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(2022) do acknowledge that, in their experiment on A nigriceps, the difference in temperatures between the two seasons, or in the laboratory conditions, varied only by a few degrees Celsius. A study on monarch butterflies, which inhabit a wide temperature gradient in found a clear correlation between temperature and wing colouration. However, not all studies point in the same direction. Wing colouration could also influence flying behaviour, certainly useful in escaping predators. A 2008 study on the common fruit fly, for instance, showed that those populations from highlands had darker wings, and, therefore, less water loss, than their lowland counterparts. Three, a key abiotic factor – other than temperature – which was overlooked in this study, is rainfall.
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Two, a factor determining the average proportion of orange/black in a population could be the predator community composition. This has been found for other aposematic species as well: a 2021 study on the hibiscus harlequin bug – another Australian insect – showed found that growing conditions played no role in adult colouration. One is the high degree of genetic heritability for warning signals. There are a few things that can possibly explain this observation. Read more | Digging Deep: How mangroves are affected by climate change The pattern was also determined by the sex of the individual, with females having more orange. However, the variation between different populations, i e those sourced from different locations in Australia, was quite significant. For example, in the rearing experiment, for the batches raised under three different temperatures, the proportion of orange in the wings was between 12 to 30 per cent.
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Populations under examination continued to maintain their wing pattern variation. On the contrary, they found that temperature had no effect on wing colour ‘in either wild or laboratory moths. But their observations did not match the predictions. Lower temperatures, it was additionally predicted, will favour more black over orange, allowing the moth to absorb more heat to maintain a suitable body temperature. The study’s prediction was that lower temperatures will prolong the time taken by larvae to develop into adult individuals and result in smaller orange spots (a ‘reduced warning signal size’). Upon collection, they were euthanized, and their wings were plucked for image analysis. Furthermore, they reared moths in laboratory conditions under three different temperatures. (2022) sampled moths from two different flight seasons (Oct to Dec and Feb to Apr), which enabled them to source moths from different environmental temperatures. In order to see whether this variation was indeed determined by temperature, Binns et al.